ANA/APIC Resource Center (2014-2016)
Bridging the gap between knowledge deficits AND effectively responding to ongoing healthcare-associated infections.
Who We Are
Following the Ebola crisis, the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) recognized gaps among healthcare professionals in emergency preparedness and created a joint Working Group. These gaps are barriers in effectively decreasing health care-associated infections, which according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), claim up to 75,000 lives annually.
Through the efforts of the ANA/APIC Working Group, key infection prevention areas were identified and resources consolidated to allow healthcare professionals quick and ready access to infection prevention strategies and evidence-based practices. Working Group members include:
Mary Jo Assi, DNP, RN, NEA-BC, FNP-BC
Director, Nursing Practice and Work Environment
ANA
Dorothy Belkoski BSN, RN, CCRN, CIC
Infection Preventionist
Inova Fair Oaks Hospital
Terri Bogue MSN, RN, PCNS-BC
Chief Operating Officer, Thor Projects LLC
Katrina Crist MBA, CAE
Chief Executive Officer
APIC
Jaime Murphy Dawson, MPH
Program Director, Department of Nursing Practice and Work Environment
ANA
Elizabeth “Liz” Garman
Vice President, Communications
APIC
Miranda Grant, MPH
Infection Preventionist
Indiana University Health Methodist
Timothy Landers, PhD, RN, CNP, CIC
Assistant Professor, Ohio State University College of Nursing
Vice Chair, APIC
Elaine Larson, RN, PhD, FAAN, CIC
Anna C. Maxwell Professor of Nursing Research
Associate Dean for Nursing Research School of Nursing
Professor of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health
Editor, American Journal of Infection Control Columbia University
Joanna Mills RN, MSN, CNS, CIC
Manager, Infection Prevention
John Muir Health System
Sharon Morgan, MSN, RN, NP-C
Senior Policy Advisor
ANA
Margaret (Peg) Pettis RN, MPA, CIC
Infection Preventionist
Rochester Regional Health System
ANA is the premier organization representing the interests of the nation’s 4 million registered nurses. ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering a high standard of nursing practice, promoting a safe and ethical work environment, bolstering the health and wellness of nurses, and advocating on health care issues that affect nurses and the public.
APIC is the leading professional association for infection preventionists (IPs) with more than 15,000 members. APIC’s mission is to create a safer world through the prevention of infection, achieved by better care to promote better health at a lower cost.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emergency Preparedness | Resources | Consumer specific links | Law, Ethics, and Policy | Additional Resources
What is an emerging infectious disease?
- Deadly Diseases - Ebola, smallpox, anthrax, rabies, and plague; also called “high-consequence pathogens”
- Zoonotic diseases:
- Approximately 75% of recently emerging infectious diseases affecting humans are diseases of animal origin
- Approximately 60% of all human pathogens are zoonotic
- HAIs - At any given time, about 1 in every 25 patients has an infection related to their hospital care
- Infections that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs (like antibiotics)
- Foodborne illness - one in six Americans gets sick each year from something they ate
- Illnesses that affect immigrants, refugees, migrants, expatriates, and travelers—traveler’s diarrhea, hepatitis
Emergency Preparedness
- Disasters, natural or man-made have the potential to amplify emerging diseases or trigger re-emerging diseases
- Maintaining and practicing emergency preparedness plans in the home and workplace can save lives and minimize the spread of disease
Resources
- ANA - Disaster Preparedness & Response
- Hot topics, ie, Zika and Ebola
- Nurse focused, covers ethics and law as well as clinical information
- APIC - Emergency preparedness
http://www.apic.org/Professional-Practice/Emergency-Preparedness- Links for natural disasters, pandemics, and biohazards
- Includes information on management of special populations
- CDC - Resources for Emergency Health Professionals
http://emergency.cdc.gov/health-professionals.asp- Focus on communication pathways during an emergency
- Sub-section for preparedness for specific types of emergencies
- OSHA - Emergency Preparedness and Response
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/emergencypreparedness/index.html- General guidelines for businesses and first responders
- Sub-section on specific topics and natural disasters
- Quick cards and factsheets
Consumer specific links
- CDC - Emergency Preparedness and You
http://emergency.cdc.gov/preparedness/index.asp- “Get a Kit; Make a Plan; Be Informed”
- Ready Wrigley Pup-- teaching children about what to do in emergency situations
- CDC - Information for Families and Loved Ones of Responders
https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/about/index.html- Resources to assist both responders and loved ones during healthcare or disaster relief deployment
- Written for Ebola but can be tailored to other situations
Law, Ethics, and Policy
- ANA - Ethics of Disaster Response
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/WorkplaceSafety/Healthy-Work-Environment/DPR/TheLawEthicsofDisasterResponse- Nurse focused
- Links to disaster preparedness and nursing duty
- CDC, Public Health Law Program - Emergency Preparedness
https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/php/trainingandeducationalresources/emergency-preparedness.html- Central repository for emergency preparedness-related statutes, regulations, orders, reports, and legal tools
- Covers hot topics, as well as federal, state, and tribal boundaries
- OSHA Best Practices for Hospital-Based First Receivers of Victims
https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/bestpractices/firstreceivers_hospital.html- Assist hospitals in developing and implementing emergency management plans that address the protection of hospital-based personnel during the receipt of contaminated victims
- PDF format
Additional Resources
Media Type | Year | Name | Webpage | Description | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
☉ CD/DVD/ Video |
2016 |
Anthrax & antibiotics |
Basic video about antibiotic prophylaxis for Anthrax |
||
👓 Article/ Book |
2014 |
APIC - Infectious Disease Disasters |
Infectious Disease Disasters: Bioterrorism, Emerging Infections, and Pandemics |
APIC Text Online – subscription required |
Release pending |
💻 Website |
Varied |
APIC Scientific Guidelines |
https://www.apic. |
Emerging Diseases and HAI |
|
💻 Website |
2015 2014 |
CDC Ebola Information Center |
http://www.cdc. http://www.cdc. |
Ebola information resource center Healthcare professionals center Ebola patient center Coloring book for family members of healthcare workers explaining Ebola |
|
☉ CD/DVD/ Video |
2014 |
CDC Emergency Operations Center |
http://www.cdc. |
Video overview of CDC’s EOC |
|
👓 Article/ Book |
2016 |
CDC - Emerging Infectious Diseases |
CDC Journal covering Emerging Infectious Disease |
Most articles full access |
|
💻 Website |
2011 |
CDC - Traveler’s Health: Clinician Resources |
http://wwwnc.cdc. |
Frequently updated site with travel alerts and guidance on caring for travelers |
|
💻 Website |
2016 |
CDC Zika Information Center |
http://www.cdc. http://www.cdc. http://www.cdc. |
Zika information resource center (CDC) Healthcare professionals center Zika patient information center |
Hand Hygiene
Watch an Expert | Watch the World |
The Who, What, Where, When & Why
- Barriers to Effective Hand Hygiene
http://www.medscape.com/ viewarticle/414396_5 - Skin irritation
- Inaccessible supplies
- Interference with worker-patient relation
- Patient needs perceived as priority
- Forgetfulness
- Ignorance of guidelines
- Insufficient time
- High workload and understaffing
- Lack of scientific information
- Gel vs Soap
- CDC - Show Me the Science - When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer
https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/data-research/facts-stats/hand-sanitizer-facts.html - Hand sanitizers are not effective if your hands are visibly dirty
- With C.difficile, it’s always soap & water
- Hand Drying techniques
http://europeantissue.com/hygiene/ studies/published-on-mayo-clinic-proceedings-the-hygienic-efficacy-of-different-hand-drying-methods/ - Transmission of bacteria is more likely to occur from wet skin than from dry skin
- From a hygiene viewpoint, paper towels are superior to electric air dryers
- CDC - Clean Hands Count
https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/hcp/clean-hands-count/
WHO - SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands
http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/en/
Personal Protective Equipment
Factors influencing nurse compliance with Standard Precautions
- Exposure to blood and bodily fluids represents a significant occupational risk for nurses
- The most effective means of preventing bloodborne transmission is through adherence to Standard Precautions (SP).
- Despite published guidelines, significant issues remain around compliance with SP to protect nurses from bloodborne infectious diseases.
(AJIC, 2016)
CDC Instructional Videos
- Post Exposure Prophylaxis
- CDC/NIOSH - Bloodborne infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/emergnedl.html - WHO - Guidelines on post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506830