Area application of acaricides (pesticides specific for ticks) to residential properties is highly effective in suppressing vector ticks but raises environmental toxicity concerns. Control of ticks on deer using self-dosing systems for applying topical and systemic acaricides is being evaluated in pilot trials.

Vaccination

A vaccine designed to prevent Lyme disease is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is available. The vaccine is based on the development of protective antibodies against a specific protein of the Lyme disease bacteria and has the effect of killing the disease-causing spirochete within the tick before it can enter the human bloodstream. The vaccine is a preventive agent and cannot be used to treat Lyme disease after it has been contracted. The vaccine is recommended for persons 15 - 70 years of age that reside, work, recreate in or travel to areas of the country considered at high or moderate risk of exposure to tick infested habitats as well as persons having a previous history of Lyme disease. It is not recommended for those that do not have frequent or prolonged exposure to tick habitats, persons less than 15 years of age, pregnant women or persons with treatment resistant Lyme arthritis. (CDC, 1999) The primary vaccine series requires three doses administered through intramuscular injection, for optimal protection. First dose is followed by a second dose a month later and a third dose administered 12 months after the first dose. Vaccine administration should be timed so that the second and third doses are given several weeks in advance of the peak transmission season, usually April. The need for boosters beyond 3 is not yet known, but data regarding antibody levels during a 20-month period after the first injection indicate that boosters bay be necessary (CDC, 1999). People at high risk should discuss the possibility of vaccination with their health care provider.