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table of contents | references | test
Healthy Youth 2000 is a document which outlines the adolescent component of the Healthy People 2000 objectives. These objectives allow us to measure the state of health of adolescents in the United States. An interim report, "Healthy Youth 2000 a Mid-Decade Review" (Fleming, 1996), looked at our progress in meeting thirty-five of the adolescent health objectives. Specifically, objectives related to physical activity and fitness, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, family planning, mental health and mental disorders, violent and abusive behavior, unintentional injuries, sexually transmitted diseases and clinical preventive services were reviewed. Overall the report found that progress was mixed, with a few successes and a number of challenges. Figure 2 provides a brief overview of some of the findings.
Figure 2. Summary of Findings from Healthy Youth 2000
| Physical Activity and Fitness |
Youth participation in physical activity
increased, however, fewer young people are
taking part in physical education classes. |
| Nutrition |
More young people are overweight and
calcium needs are not being met. |
| Tobacco |
More adolescents report smoking, and
reduced smokeless tobacco rates have not
been achieved. |
| Alcohol and Other Drugs |
The number of alcohol-related motor vehicle
crash deaths is continuing to decline and has
exceeded the Year 2000 target. Yet, alcohol
is the intoxicant of choice, and college
students are still heavy drinkers. Anabolic
steroid use is down. |
| Family Planning |
The pregnancy rate has remained stable; the
percentage of young people who report ever
having had sex has declined slightly but the
goal has not been met; and reported condom
use is increasing. |
| Mental Health and Mental Disorders |
Suicide rates among young people is
increasing; with firearms being used in the
majority of these suicides. Suicide rates
increased most rapidly for young African
American males, though young white males
are at greater risk. |
| Violent and Abusive Behavior |
The number of rapes are decreasing; homicide
rates are increasing; student reporting of
weapon carrying at school is decreasing but
physical fighting shows little change.
Although adolescent abuse is difficult to
measure, social workers report increased
caseloads. |
| Unintentional Injuries |
This objective has been exceeded motor
vehicle crashes decreased from 37/100,000 to
29/100,000 (the target was 33/100,000);
drowning deaths decreased, but have not yet
reached the target. |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
Gonorrhea decreased in males, but increased
in females; health care providers worry that
chlamydia and papilloma virus infection are
more prevalent than gonorrhea, but that teens
do not seek care since they often have no
symptoms. |
| Clinical Preventive Services |
Because neither baseline nor accurate current
data was collected, it is extremely difficult to
know if this has been met. This objective was
rewritten to try to capture this information
more accurately. |
The findings of this review are clear we have much yet to accomplish in the area of adolescent health. While many challenges remain, so too do the opportunities to intervene on adolescents' behalf. Most of the outcomes reviewed above are related to behavior choices. Nurses, who traditionally have focused on patient education and health promotion, are key to the improvement of adolescent health behaviors. Nurses can empower adolescents to make healthier decisions by becoming familiar with adolescent development; providing culturally competent and confidential care to teen clients; working with families to increase their knowledge of the importance of family connectedness in the health of their teens; and assisting families and communities in cultivating developmental assets.
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