Adolescent Health
Health Status of Youth in the U.S.
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Healthy Youth 2000 is a document which outlines the adolescent component of the Healthy People 2000 objectives. These objectives allow us to measure the state of health of adolescents in the United States. An interim report, "Healthy Youth 2000 — a Mid-Decade Review" (Fleming, 1996), looked at our progress in meeting thirty-five of the adolescent health objectives. Specifically, objectives related to physical activity and fitness, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, family planning, mental health and mental disorders, violent and abusive behavior, unintentional injuries, sexually transmitted diseases and clinical preventive services were reviewed. Overall the report found that progress was mixed, with a few successes and a number of challenges. Figure 2 provides a brief overview of some of the findings.


Figure 2. Summary of Findings from Healthy Youth 2000

Physical Activity and Fitness Youth participation in physical activity increased, however, fewer young people are taking part in physical education classes.
Nutrition More young people are overweight and calcium needs are not being met.
Tobacco More adolescents report smoking, and reduced smokeless tobacco rates have not been achieved.
Alcohol and Other Drugs The number of alcohol-related motor vehicle crash deaths is continuing to decline and has exceeded the Year 2000 target. Yet, alcohol is the intoxicant of choice, and college students are still heavy drinkers. Anabolic steroid use is down.
Family Planning The pregnancy rate has remained stable; the percentage of young people who report ever having had sex has declined slightly but the goal has not been met; and reported condom use is increasing.
Mental Health and Mental Disorders Suicide rates among young people is increasing; with firearms being used in the majority of these suicides. Suicide rates increased most rapidly for young African American males, though young white males are at greater risk.
Violent and Abusive Behavior The number of rapes are decreasing; homicide rates are increasing; student reporting of weapon carrying at school is decreasing but physical fighting shows little change. Although adolescent abuse is difficult to measure, social workers report increased caseloads.
Unintentional Injuries This objective has been exceeded — motor vehicle crashes decreased from 37/100,000 to 29/100,000 (the target was 33/100,000); drowning deaths decreased, but have not yet reached the target.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Gonorrhea decreased in males, but increased in females; health care providers worry that chlamydia and papilloma virus infection are more prevalent than gonorrhea, but that teens do not seek care since they often have no symptoms.
Clinical Preventive Services Because neither baseline nor accurate current data was collected, it is extremely difficult to know if this has been met. This objective was rewritten to try to capture this information more accurately.


The findings of this review are clear — we have much yet to accomplish in the area of adolescent health. While many challenges remain, so too do the opportunities to intervene on adolescents' behalf. Most of the outcomes reviewed above are related to behavior choices. Nurses, who traditionally have focused on patient education and health promotion, are key to the improvement of adolescent health behaviors. Nurses can empower adolescents to make healthier decisions by becoming familiar with adolescent development; providing culturally competent and confidential care to teen clients; working with families to increase their knowledge of the importance of family connectedness in the health of their teens; and assisting families and communities in cultivating developmental assets.

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