Signs and Symptoms of H1N1 Flu
The most common clinical findings are fever, chills, headache, upper respiratory tract symptoms (cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, shortness of breath), myalgias, arthralgias, fatigue, vomiting, or diarrhea. A person is believed to be contagious one day before symptom onset, and up to seven days after becoming sick. In children, the signs and symptoms may be difficult from other respiratory viruses, so a good history is essential.
What to do if you suspect a patient has H1N1 Flu
About 99% of circulating influenza viruses are 2009 H1N1. Most people with influenza-like illness do not need testing. Priority for testing includes persons who 1) require hospitalization or 2) are at high-risk for severe disease.
For more on testing and diagnosing, go the Diagnosis page on the Inside Section at the top left of this page.
What antivirals to prescribe as treatment
Treatment with antivirals (oseltamivir/Tamiflu ® or zanamivir/Relenza ®) is limited to hospitalized case and patients at higher risk for seasonal influenza complications.
For More on antivirlas, go to the Antivirals page on the Inside Section at the top left of this page.
Groups at high risk for severe disease or complications
- Children less than 5 years old;
- Persons aged 65 years or older;
- Children and adolescents (less than 18 years) who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who might be at risk for experiencing Reye syndrome after influenza virus infection;
- Pregnant women;
- Adults and children who have chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, hematological, neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders;
- Adults and children who have immunosuppression (including immunosuppression caused by medications or by HIV);
- Residents of nursing homes and other chronic-care facilities.
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